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Ali Nazari

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News by Nazari

Ali Nazari

Manufacturers Can Find Their Data But Cannot Certify It

Cloudera's index puts 82 percent with visibility into where data resides and 58 percent with it fully governed — which is the gap most AI pilots fall into.

data governanceindustrial AIunified namespace
Ali Nazari

Slovenia's Electricity and Gas Operators Sign a Hydrogen Coupling MoU

ELES, Plinovodi and Yokogawa will study sector coupling across electricity, gas and hydrogen, with a demonstration plant interfacing both transmission networks.

sector couplinghydrogentransmission
Ali Nazari

An eSIM Manager Built to Work Without Its Own Vendor

Onomondo has released an SGP.32 eIM that runs independently of its own connectivity, on the argument that the tool meant to end vendor lock-in should not become the new lock-in point.

eSIMSGP.32vendor lock-in
Ali Nazari

SCADA and Fibre Inside an $81 Million Pipeline Contract

Reclamation's award for the final major segment of the Navajo-Gallup project bundles telemetry, fibre and cathodic protection into the civil pipeline scope.

water infrastructureSCADAtelemetry
Ali Nazari

A Smart Camera That Sends Results, Not Video

USI's AI Smart Camera combines edge inference with PoE, HDMI and MicroSD, and pairs the hardware with a no-code training platform aimed at people who are not ML engineers.

machine visionedge AIPoE
Ali Nazari

A Borescope Replaces a Two-Person Inspection at a Truck Plant

Daimler's Mount Holly plant swapped a four-eye manual check of a steering-column joint for an AI borescope system, and the reason given was workforce turnover rather than defect rate.

machine visionquality inspectionDaimler
Ali Nazari

HMS Networks Bids for a Spanish Building Management Maker

A friendly takeover offer for Robot S.A. of Palma de Mallorca pushes HMS from protocol gateways up into room-level control, alongside its Intesis brand.

building automationM&AHMS Networks
Ali Nazari

Fluke Puts Thermal and Acoustic Imaging in a Technician's Pocket

The TC03A thermal camera and the ii01 acoustic imager for Android target leak detection and anomaly spotting on routine rounds rather than as a specialist survey.

thermal imagingacoustic imagingleak detection
Ali Nazari

Emerson Puts 80 GHz Radar on a WirelessHART Power Budget

The Rosemount 3408 combines FMCW radar electronics with WirelessHART and long-life power modules, giving non-contacting level measurement with no signal or power wiring to the vessel.

level measurementWirelessHARTradar
Ali Nazari

Three Quarters of Large Manufacturers Carry Critical Vulnerabilities

Black Kite's numbers show patching improving slowly, credential exposure not moving at all, and internet-exposed remote-access ports essentially unchanged since 2023.

OT securityransomwaresupply chain risk
Ali Nazari

Fourteen CVEs in Siemens Reyrolle 7SR5 Protection Relays

ICSA-26-258-05 aggregates five 2024 identifiers and nine new ones into a single advisory, top score 9.8, with V2.70 as the remedy.

protection relayssubstationSiemens
Ali Nazari

ZEISS Merges X-Ray Microscopy and MicroCT in One Instrument

The VersaXRM 5 Insight does multi-scale non-destructive 3D imaging without moving the sample between machines, with automated AI-enabled reconstruction.

industrial CTnon-destructive testingZEISS
Ali Nazari

PI Ships a PROFIsafe Test Bundle and Eyes Process Plants

A clarification version of the specification has passed TÜV evaluation, a layer tester and lab documents are out, and PA Profile 4.10 enters review in 2026 for functionally safe process field devices.

functional safetyPROFIsafePROFINET
Ali Nazari

COMSOL v2027 Ships a Systems Library and an MCP Server

Multiphysics v2027 adds roughly 5,000 system-level components, an Electric Motor Module, and an MCP server that makes physics models callable by AI agents.

simulationCOMSOLdigital twin
Ali Nazari

One Pass for Leak Detection and Pipeline Condition

Aganova's redesigned Nautilus combines leak detection with condition analysis in a single in-line deployment, drawing on more than 4,500 kilometres of prior inspections.

pipeline inspectionleak detectionwater networks
Ali Nazari

Moeve Breaks Ground on a One-Billion-Euro Electrolysis Project

Onuba in southern Spain is the first phase of a 2 GW electrolysis target, and its CEO says high gas prices have made green hydrogen competitive with grey.

green hydrogenelectrolysisSpain
Ali Nazari

Wi-Fi HaLow Arrives as a $58 USB Stick

Morse Micro's USB adapters put 802.11ah on any PC or router, in AP or station mode, with the hardware design and manufacturing files published.

Wi-Fi HaLow802.11ahsub-GHz
Ali Nazari

A Stepper Motion Platform With the SDK Already on GitHub

TOP-electronics and Summit Electronics built Atlas on ADI Trinamic motion technology and STM32 microcontrollers, in one-axis and three-axis versions for NEMA 17 and NEMA 23 motors.

motion controlstepper motorsTrinamic
Ali Nazari

A Robot Hand That Feels to a Tenth of a Newton

Synaptics has brought its capacitive tactile sensing module into NVIDIA's Isaac Sim and Holoscan, so grip policies can be trained in simulation before the gripper exists.

tactile sensingroboticsIsaac Sim
Ali Nazari

CompuLab Puts NXP's i.MX952 on a Nine-Gram Module

The UCM-iMX952 pairs Cortex-A55 application cores with M7 and M33 real-time cores in 28 by 40 by 5 mm, across commercial, extended and industrial temperature grades.

system-on-moduleNXPreal-time
Ali Nazari

An IoT Botnet That Carries Four Privilege Escalation Exploits

Nozomi's analysis of KATARU finds Mirai-style DDoS bolted to four Linux privilege escalation paths, encrypted C2 — and a pinned public key lifted straight from an RFC test vector.

IoT malwarebotnetKATARU
Ali Nazari

A Linux Kernel Bug Gives Root on ABB's Edgenius Gateway

ICSA-26-260-06 covers a kernel crypto flaw that lets a local user or a compromised container escalate to root on the Gateway bE100. The same CVE already appears in IoT malware.

edge gatewaycontainer securityABB
Ali Nazari

ENISA Opens the CRA Single Reporting Platform

From 11 September 2026 manufacturers must report actively exploited vulnerabilities and severe incidents, and there is now a working channel to do it through.

Cyber Resilience ActENISAcompliance
Ali Nazari

ODVA Specifies ix Industrial as an EtherNet/IP Interface

The IEC 61076-3-124 connector is roughly 75 percent smaller than RJ45 and now carries formal references across EtherNet/IP, PROFINET, CC-Link IE TSN, FL-net and GigE Vision.

connectorsEtherNet/IPstandards
Ali Nazari

SCADA Integration Named in the Scope of an Ontario Plant Upgrade

Halton Region has appointed GHD for clarifier, digester and sludge pump work at the Skyway Wastewater Treatment Plant, with SCADA integration and commissioning listed as deliverables rather than assumptions.

wastewaterSCADAbrownfield
Ali Nazari

One Screen for Twenty-Four Feeder Controllers

Coperion K-Tron's K-Vision-III aggregates up to 24 KCM feeder control modules, speaks Modbus TCP, EtherNet/IP and Profinet, and backs up controller parameters.

feedersprocess controlCoperion K-Tron
Ali Nazari

Emerson Packages Liquid Analysis Into Pre-Engineered Panels

The Rosemount 105P combines transmitters, sensors, cables, flow cells and flow control into a configurable panel for pH, ORP, dissolved oxygen and chlorine, built and tested in the factory.

liquid analysiswater qualityEmerson
Ali Nazari

INEOS Starts CO2 Injection at Greensand in the Danish North Sea

Commercial operations have begun at 400,000 tonnes a year, injecting into a depleted reservoir 250 km offshore and 1,800 m below the seafloor, with an ambition to reach 4-8 million tonnes.

carbon captureCCSmeasurement
Ali Nazari

One SIM, Three US Carriers, Switched Remotely Under SGP.32

Granite's SIM360 preloads carrier-direct profiles from all three US Tier 1 networks on a single physical SIM, with remote switching and automated failover — and no roaming in the middle.

eSIMSGP.32fixed wireless
Ali Nazari

A TSN Protocol Flaw With No Fix Now Covers Eight More Mitsubishi Products

Update A to ICSA-26-211-07 adds eight part numbers to a CC-Link IE TSN message-integrity flaw that affects every firmware version and will not be patched.

CC-Link IE TSNMitsubishi Electricprotocol security
Ali Nazari

ASRock Industrial Rolls Panther Lake Across Six Form Factors

Mini-ITX, 3.5-inch SBC, COM-HPC, NUC, iBOX and an industrial IoT controller, all on Core Ultra Series 3 with up to 180 platform TOPS, In-Band ECC, and both TCC and TSN.

industrial PCedge AITSN
Ali Nazari

Nordic Adds a RISC-V Coprocessor to the nRF54L Line

The nRF54LC10A pairs a 128 MHz Cortex-M33 with a 128 MHz RISC-V coprocessor, 1 MB of non-volatile memory and roughly 30 nanoamps in hibernation, in packages down to 1.93 by 2.29 mm.

wireless SoCBluetooth LElow power
Ali Nazari

An Over-Long Username Crashes Moxa's Rail-Rated Switch

MPSA-252620 describes an out-of-bounds write in the TN-4500B web login handler: no authentication needed, and the result is a dead management plane on a switch inside a train.

industrial switchrolling stockMoxa
Ali Nazari

Quectel Puts RTK, LTE and LoRa Under One 120 Millimetre Dome

The QLM290P packages quad-band GNSS/RTK, a global LTE module and a LoRa radio on one pre-validated board, configurable as base station or rover over the embedded cellular link.

RTKGNSSLoRa
Ali Nazari

Ericsson and Erillisverkot Track Drones With 5G Radios at a Harbour

An ISAC trial at Vuosaari Harbour detected and tracked drones using reflections picked up by coordinated Massive MIMO base stations — no radio or emission required from the aircraft.

ISAC5Gdrone detection
Ali Nazari

Aetina Ships Jetson Thor Boxes With an EtherCAT Master Port

Putting an EtherCAT master on the front panel of a 2,070 TFLOPS inference box collapses the usual two-controller split where a Jetson thinks and a separate PLC moves.

edge AIEtherCATrobotics
Ali Nazari

Forty-Eight TOPS on a 36 by 32 Millimetre Module

Radxa's rCore-Q8550 puts a Dragonwing QCS8550, up to 16 GB of LPDDR5X and six four-lane camera inputs on a coin-sized 516-ball BGA.

system-on-moduleedge AImachine vision
Ali Nazari

Nozomi Builds an OT Service-Management Layer on Its Asset Data

Compass adds workflows, approvals and compliance evidence on top of the asset inventory that already feeds Vantage — an attempt to govern OT change without forcing OT data into an IT-shaped tool.

OT securityasset managementNozomi Networks
Ali Nazari

Two Thousand Flowmeters in Fifteen Indian Cities Get a Platform

ABB's AquaMaster+ turns an installed base of battery-powered mag meters into a queryable network model, with virtual flowmeters standing in for districts that have no physical instrument.

water networksnon-revenue waterABB
Ali Nazari

Siemens Wants the Digital Twin to Arrive Before the Machine

The Meet at the Machine initiative ships a digital copy of a machine tool the day after the purchase order, so programming and validation happen while the machine is still being built.

digital twinCNCSiemens
Ali Nazari

A 1.5 MTPA LNG Train Built as a Repeatable Product

Technip Energies, Honeywell and Siemens Energy have standardised a modular, electrified LNG train and claim up to two years off a conventional schedule by repeating it rather than engineering it.

LNGmodular constructionelectrification
Ali Nazari

ABB Certifies a Dust Monitor for Zone 22

The PFM 20 Ex measures particulate down to 7.5 mg/m3 in an ATEX Zone 22 housing, which is the classification that covers the places combustible dust actually accumulates.

emissionsATEXparticulate
Ali Nazari

A Crafted FTP Command Takes a Modicon M340 Off the Network

Four part numbers have fixed firmware. Two communication modules — including the M580 Global Data module — are listed as affected in all versions with remediation still pending.

PLCModicondenial of service
Ali Nazari

A SCADA Manager That Will Send SMS For Anybody

ICSA-26-258-03 pairs a 9.8-rated missing-authorisation flaw in mySCADA myPRO Manager with an open HTTP endpoint that pushes arbitrary messages out through the site's GSM modem.

SCADAmySCADAalarm callout
Ali Nazari

Ericsson Names the Radios for the Railway's Move Off GSM-R

Ahead of InnoTrans 2026, Ericsson set out an FRMCS migration path with specific trackside radios, baseband and transport products, plus validation results from five railway lines.

FRMCSGSM-Rrail
Ali Nazari

Cellular IoT Module Shipments Rise 15 Percent, Led by Cat 1 bis

IoT Analytics data shows first-half growth of 15 percent, Q2 accelerating to 20.9 percent, average selling prices rising for the first time in five quarters — and component lead times lengthening.

cellular IoTmarket dataLTE Cat 1 bis
Ali Nazari

A 36-Gram Gateway That Speaks DNP3, BACnet and DLMS

Teltonika's Oxa is built to be designed into an OEM's own product rather than bolted on beside it: Cortex-A7, six industrial protocols, -40 to 75 degrees, under five watts.

IoT gatewayOEMprotocols
Ali Nazari

Axelera's Europa Ships as PCIe Cards for Industrial Box PCs

The Dutch edge-inference company launched two standard PCIe form factors and named Advantech, Axiomtek and Seco alongside Dell and HPE — which is what puts the silicon inside cabinets rather than racks.

edge AIinferenceAxelera
Ali Nazari

Renishaw's PH20 PLUS Adds 107 Millimetres of CMM Reach

A redesigned kinematic mount takes maximum working length to 300 mm from the A-axis centre, and existing users can keep their part programmes and TP20 modules.

CMMmetrologyRenishaw
Ali Nazari

Emerson Wins the Control System for Europe's First Greenfield SAF Plant

Technip Energies has selected DeltaV as the integrated control and safety system for SkyNRG's 100,000 tonne-a-year sustainable aviation fuel plant at Delfzijl, due to start up in 2028.

SAFDeltaVEmerson

Posts by Nazari

Ali Nazari

What “Real Time” Means When Three People Say It

The phrase survives in specifications because everyone believes they understand it. Three people around a table can mean three different things by it, and the system gets built to the vaguest one.

latencyreal timecontrol systems
Ali Nazari

Pricing a Maintenance Contract for Connected Equipment

Service agreements written for mechanical equipment do not survive contact with software. Here is what changes, and how both sides usually get it wrong before they get it right.

service contractsmaintenancelifecycle
Ali Nazari

Why Two Sensors Disagree

Two instruments measuring the same thing give different numbers, and the argument that follows is usually about which is right. It is nearly always the wrong question.

measurementinstrumentationreconciliation
Ali Nazari

The Handover Pack That Gets Used

Most as-built documentation is written to satisfy a contract clause and read by nobody. A small amount of it, written differently, is what a technician opens at three in the morning.

documentationhandoveras-built
Ali Nazari

Buying a Machine With Software In It

The mechanical parts of a capital purchase are covered by decades of contract practice. The software inside is usually covered by a licence nobody in the room has read.

procurementcontractslicensing
Ali Nazari

Commissioning Wireless in a Building Full of Metal

A radio plan drawn on a floor plan assumes the floor plan is what the radio sees. It isn't. Racking, tanks, mesh decking and forklifts are the actual propagation environment.

wirelesssite surveyRF propagation
Ali Nazari

The First Week After Go-Live

A system that passed its acceptance test has been proved to work under the conditions someone wrote down. The first week is when it meets the conditions nobody wrote down.

commissioninggo-livesupport
Ali Nazari

When a Historian Beats a Database

Time-series data has an access pattern that ordinary databases handle badly and specialist ones handle well. The decision usually turns on tag count, query shape and who has to maintain it.

historiantime seriesdata architecture
Ali Nazari

Planning the Shutdown You Get Once a Year

Everything that cannot be done on a running plant queues up for one window. The instrumentation and controls work in that queue fails for predictable reasons, most of them scheduling rather than technical.

shutdownturnaroundcommissioning
Ali Nazari

Choosing a Connector, and Living With It

M12 is not one thing. Coding, contact plating, mating cycles and whether the operator can feel the thread in the dark all decide whether the connector is a detail or the reason the line stopped.

connectorsM12IP rating
Ali Nazari

What Your Cable Is Actually Rated For

Cable gets specified by conductor size and then installed in a drag chain, buried in a duct with a drive cable, or pulled round a corner tighter than its bend radius. Each of those has a number attached.

cablingdrag chainEMC
Ali Nazari

What to Log When Something Goes Wrong

Most device logs are written for the developer who wrote the firmware and read by a technician standing in the rain. Here is what actually helps, and what to leave out.

diagnosticsloggingfirmware
Ali Nazari

The Cost of a Wrong Reading

Measurement uncertainty is usually treated as a metrology footnote. Priced properly it is an economic quantity, and it decides how much instrument a given measurement deserves.

measurement uncertaintyinstrumentationmetrology
Ali Nazari

Serial to Ethernet: Moving RS-485 Devices Without Rewiring the Plant

A serial gateway looks like a wire replacement and behaves like a protocol change. Timing, addressing and error handling all move, and each one has a way of biting late.

ModbusRS-485serial gateway
Ali Nazari

Redundancy That Actually Fails Over

Most redundant systems have never failed over under the conditions that will occur. The common defects are shared dependencies, untested switchover and a standby that was silently dead.

redundancyhigh availabilityreliability
Ali Nazari

What Goes in a Site Survey Before You Quote

Nearly every change order on an industrial installation traces back to something a two-hour site visit would have found. Here is the list that visit should cover.

site surveyproject deliverycommissioning
Ali Nazari

Buy, Build, or Integrate

The decision is usually made on the wrong axis — cost to first version — when the axis that determines the outcome is who maintains it in year four.

make or buyprocurementtechnical strategy
Ali Nazari

How Often to Recalibrate, and How to Know

Annual calibration is a convention, not an answer. The interval should come from observed drift and from what a wrong reading costs — and most plants have the data to work it out.

calibrationmetrologyinstrumentation
Ali Nazari

What Breaks When You Add a Second Site

A system built for one plant contains assumptions nobody wrote down. The second plant finds every one of them, and it is cheaper to find them on purpose.

multi-sitearchitecturescaling
Ali Nazari

What a Vibration Sensor Can and Cannot Tell You

Vibration monitoring finds bearing faults, imbalance and misalignment well. It finds many other things badly. Knowing which is which decides whether the programme survives its first year.

condition monitoringvibration analysispredictive maintenance
Ali Nazari

How to Number Your Tags

A naming convention is not bureaucracy. It is the difference between a historian you can query and forty thousand points nobody can find, and it is nearly impossible to fix later.

tag namingSCADAdata modelling
Ali Nazari

Choosing an Enclosure: What Actually Kills Electronics in the Field

IP ratings describe a laboratory test, not a plant. The real failure mechanisms are condensation, thermal cycling, chemical attack and vibration — and the rating tells you almost nothing about any of them.

enclosuresIP ratingenvironmental design
Ali Nazari

Power Budgets for Battery Sensors: Why Ten Years Becomes Eighteen Months

The datasheet says ten years. The field says eighteen months. The gap is always in the same five places, and all of them are calculable before you build anything.

battery lifelow power designLPWAN
Ali Nazari

Why Your Network Diagram Is Wrong

Every plant has a network drawing, and every plant that has actually measured its network has found the drawing incomplete. What discovery turns up, and how to survive the result.

OT networksasset inventorynetwork discovery
Ali Nazari

Why Your Pilot Never Scaled

The site volunteered, the integration was unbilled, the benefit was measured by its advocates, and nobody owned it afterwards. Six structural reasons, and the reframing that fixes them.

IIoTdeploymentproject management
Ali Nazari

Which Spare Parts to Stock

Consequence, likelihood and lead time — and it is lead time that inverts the intuitions built on price. Why a €50 sensor can outrank a €50,000 drive, and the three metrics that tell you if you got it right.

maintenancespare partsinventory
Ali Nazari

Choosing Between Modbus, OPC UA and MQTT

They are not competitors: a register protocol, an information model and a transport pattern. What each is genuinely good at, the two failure modes that recur, and why the choice is per link rather than per company.

industrial protocolsOPC UAMQTT
Ali Nazari

Designing HMI Screens for the Worst Ten Minutes

The screen is drawn on a quiet afternoon and read during an upset. Why colour should be reserved for abnormal, why a bar beats a number, and the one test that tells you whether the design works.

HMIISA-101operator interface
Ali Nazari

What a Factory Acceptance Test Should Actually Test

A FAT moves risk before the machine moves. Most of them demonstrate the happy path instead — here is the list of failures to force, and why a test that passes everything first time tested nothing.

commissioningFATproject management
Ali Nazari

Grounding and Shielding: Why Your Signal Is Noisy

Protective earth and signal reference are different jobs sharing a word, and confusing them is where most noise starts. Where to bond a shield, why the frequency changes the answer, and what to measure first.

EMCinstrumentationfield wiring
Ali Nazari

Why Your OEE Number Is Wrong

The arithmetic is trivial and the definitions are where it breaks: the denominator, the ideal cycle time, the stop threshold and where quality is counted. Four choices that move the number thirty points.

OEEmanufacturing metricsoperations
Ali Nazari

How to Commission a Thousand Devices

The pilot of ten was configured by hand by the people who built it. At a thousand, the manual steps stop being slow and start being the defect. Identity, claiming, verification and the paths nobody plans for.

device provisioningIIoTfleet management
Ali Nazari

Zones and Conduits: What OT Segmentation Actually Requires

Segmentation is not a firewall purchase, it is a list of what talks to what. Why VLANs alone are not a boundary, how to write a conduit down, and the exception that quietly eats the design.

OT securityIEC 62443network segmentation
Ali Nazari

Choosing a Sampling Rate

Nyquist is about the highest frequency present, not the highest one you care about — and everything above half your rate folds back in permanently. What rate each job actually needs, and the six things to write down.

signal processingcondition monitoringdata acquisition
Ali Nazari

Why Your Timestamps Disagree

Four clocks touch every reading and nobody decided which one counts. What that costs, how much accuracy each use actually needs, and the short list of decisions that fixes it for good.

time synchronisationPTPNTP
Ali Nazari

What a Gateway Should Do When the Network Goes Down

The link will fail. Whether that costs you an inconvenience or a hole in the record comes down to how the gateway buffers, what it drops first, and how politely it drains when the connection returns.

edge gatewaysstore and forwardIIoT
Ali Nazari

How Long to Keep Industrial Data, and at What Resolution

Retention is usually decided by whatever the historian defaulted to, which is the wrong way round. What the questions you will ask later actually require, and where downsampling destroys the answer.

data retentionhistorianstime series
Ali Nazari

Why Operators Ignore Your Alarms

An alarm system that produces more signals than a person can act on has not made the plant safer; it has trained the control room to stop reading. What goes wrong, and the specific fixes that reverse it.

alarm managementcontrol roomsSCADA
Ali Nazari

How to Read a Sensor Datasheet

The headline accuracy figure is the least informative number on the page. What the conditions clause is doing, why drift usually matters more than accuracy, and the specifications that are absent on purpose.

sensorsmeasurementdatasheets
Ali Nazari

Designing for a Site You Cannot Visit

When a service call costs more than the device, every design decision changes. Power, communications, failure modes and diagnosis all get re-argued from the assumption that nobody is coming.

remote monitoringdevice designreliability
Ali Nazari

What Cold-Chain Monitoring Actually Has to Prove

A temperature logger records data. A compliant cold chain produces evidence, which is a different and much harder thing. What the record has to survive, where designs usually fail an audit, and how to build one that does not.

cold chaintemperature monitoringpharmaceutical logistics
Ali Nazari

Containers on the Plant Floor: What Changes When a Gateway Runs Docker

Running containers on an industrial gateway solves real problems and creates a new class of them. What genuinely improves, what quietly becomes your responsibility, and the decisions worth making before the first deployment rather than after.

edge computingcontainersindustrial gateways
Ali Nazari

What the Cyber Resilience Act Asks of a Connected Product

The regulation is often summarised as security requirements for connected devices, which is true and not actionable. What it actually obliges a manufacturer to build, to document, to report and to keep doing for years after the sale.

Cyber Resilience Actcomplianceproduct security
Ali Nazari

Why Vision Inspection Works on the Pilot Line and Fails on the Second Shift

Almost every disappointing inspection deployment fails for the same handful of reasons, and none of them are the model. What changes between the demonstration and the running line, and how to design so that it does not matter.

machine visionquality inspectionmanufacturing
Ali Nazari

Why Predictive Maintenance Pilots Stall Before They Scale

The technology works in the demonstration and disappoints in the plant, and the reasons are consistent enough to plan around. What the pilot proved, what it did not, and the failure modes that only appear at fleet scale.

predictive maintenancecondition monitoringindustrial AI
Ali Nazari

Private 5G or Wi-Fi on the Plant Floor: How the Choice Is Actually Made

The comparison is usually argued on throughput, which is the one specification that rarely decides it. What separates the two in practice is who owns the spectrum, how the network behaves at the edge of coverage, and what happens when a device roams.

private 5GWi-Fiindustrial networks
Ali Nazari

Where Should Inference Run: Gateway, Controller, or Cloud?

Edge or cloud is the wrong first question. A practical way to place a model, built around six constraints that decide the answer before any hardware is chosen, and the mistakes that come from optimising the wrong one.

edge AIinferencegateways
Ali Nazari

What Time-Sensitive Networking Actually Guarantees on a Plant Floor

TSN is sold as deterministic Ethernet, but the guarantee is narrower and far more conditional than the phrase suggests. What the standards bound, what they leave alone, and what has to be true of your network before any of it holds.

TSNindustrial ethernetdeterminism
Ali Nazari

Why Occupancy Sensing Is Harder Than It Looks

Every occupancy technology fails in a characteristic way, and the failures are not random. How to combine sensors so the mistakes cancel instead of compounding.

occupancy sensingbuilding automationsensor fusion
Ali Nazari

Reading IEC 62443 as a Device Maker: Zones, Conduits and Security Levels

The standard assigns different duties to asset owners, integrators and manufacturers. Which parts actually bind a product vendor, and what a Security Level claim commits you to.

IEC 62443OT securityindustrial